Rafidain Journal of Science https://jcis.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci <p><strong>Rafidain Journal of Science (RJS) </strong>is a scientific and open access journal. Publishing under the license of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY), this journal is published quarterly issues by the College of Science, University of Mosul, Iraq. We are using iThenticate to prevent plagiarism and ensure our submitted manuscripts' originality. A double-blind peer-reviewing system uses to assure the publication's quality<strong>. RJS </strong>publishes original articles, review papers in the field of Chemistry, Physics and Biology. This journal has been indexed in IASJ. RJS requires a 100 US$ fee for publishing an accepted manuscript. Any governmental or non-governmental organization does not financially support the journal. The authors will retain full copyright with unconstrained publishing rights.</p> College of Science/ University of Mosul en-US Rafidain Journal of Science 1608-9391 The Effect of Analgesic Drugs (Voltaren, Profen and Panadol) on Kidney Function. https://jcis.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49942 <![CDATA[Overuse of analgesics, particularly readily available over-the-counter (OTC) medications like acetaminophen, aspirin, and other non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), contributes to a worldwide problem of analgesic misuse in both developed and developing nations. NSAIDs are a necessary choice for managing pain because they target the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX) pathway, which is central to both inflammation and pain signaling. They work by targeting two cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, which reduces the production of prostaglandins (PGs). The clinical utility of these agents is limited by their potential to induce adverse effects, notably acute kidney injury (AKI), which may contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in severe or prolonged cases. Renal function is susceptible to alteration by NSAIDs via inhibition of COX-1 (regulating renal hemodynamics and glomerular filtration rate) and/or COX-2 (mediating sodium and water excretion).This study aimed to investigate the effect of analgesic medications, including Voltaren (diclofenac), Profen (ibuprofen), and Panadol (paracetamol/acetaminophen), on kidney function, specifically assessing creatinine, urea, and uric acid concentration. Sixty participants were enrolled in the study and divided into four groups of 15 individuals each: 15 individuals taking Voltaren, 15 individuals taking Profen, 15 individuals taking Panadol, and 15 individuals not using any analgesic medications, who served as the control group.There was a significant increase in concentration of each of urea, uric acid, creatinine after four months of having the drugs that mention above compared with control group.]]> baraa jumaa taha Muntaha M. Al-Qattan Copyright (c) 2025-08-01 2025-08-01 34 3 1 8 10.33899/rjs.2025.189199 Molecular Characterization of Bacteria Isolated from Root Nodules of Lupinus Albus and Determination of its Family Specialization. https://jcis.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49943 <![CDATA[]]> Azza Adel AL- Tai Copyright (c) 2025-08-01 2025-08-01 34 3 9 20 10.33899/rjs.2025.189202 The Relationship Between some Adipokines with Vitamin D3 in Preeclampsia Pregnant Women in Mosul City-Iraq https://jcis.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49944 <![CDATA[]]> Ali Maan Ayoub Al Sultan Muna H. Jankeer Copyright (c) 2025-08-01 2025-08-01 34 3 21 31 10.33899/rjs.2025.189203 Study of the Efficiency of Single Annealing of Pure Titanium and Titanium Alloy in Resisting Cyclic Oxidation at 900°C https://jcis.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49945 <![CDATA[]]> khalid Sh. Muhmmod Zuheer N. Majeed mahmood A. hamood Copyright (c) 2025-08-01 2025-08-01 34 3 102 112 Effect of Adding Nano Iron Sulfate on some Properties of Polystyrene Plastic Waste under the Influence of the Thermophysical Factor https://jcis.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49946 <![CDATA[]]> Abdullah R. Mohammed Ahmed N. Mahmood Rasheed M. Yousif Copyright (c) 2025-08-01 2025-08-01 34 3 1 13 10.33899/rjs.2025.189227 Nonlinear Optical Properties of Pure ZnO and Sn, Al Doped and Co-Doped ZnO Thin Films Using Z-Scan Technique. https://jcis.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49947 <![CDATA[]]> Abbas A. Kareem Yasir A. Aljawadi Thoalfiqar Ali Zaker Copyright (c) 2025-08-01 2025-08-01 34 3 79 90 Study of Some Biochemical Alterations in Breast Cancer Patients. https://jcis.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49948 <![CDATA[]]> Noor Abdullah Othman Salm Sadiq Mohammed Copyright (c) 2025-08-01 2025-08-01 34 3 32 41 10.33899/rjs.2025.189204 A Common-Source Input Stage-Based Transimpedance Amplifier for Fiber Optical Systems https://jcis.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49949 <![CDATA[]]> Mohanad Muayad Alyas Muhammed S. Alsheikhjader Copyright (c) 2025-08-01 2025-08-01 34 3 113 123 Determination and Analysis of Heavy Metals Concentration in Indoor Dust Samples in Building Material Factories in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq https://jcis.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49951 <![CDATA[]]> Chya Ameer Bakr Zakariya A. Hussein Copyright (c) 2025-08-01 2025-08-01 34 3 67 78 Application of Artificial Intelligence in Biochemistry. https://jcis.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49952 <![CDATA[]]> Raghda M.A. Al-Ani Copyright (c) 2025-08-01 2025-08-01 34 3 42 49 10.33899/rjs.2025.189205 Study of the Effect of Using Various Ceramic Powders in Thermal Spraying Technology on the Sliding Corrosion Resistance of Steel Alloys (AISI446).. https://jcis.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49953 <![CDATA[]]> Yahya A.K. Salman Ahmed Subhi Ali edrees edaan Al-obeidi Copyright (c) 2025-08-01 2025-08-01 34 3 91 101 CaO Thin-Film Preparation using Chemical Bath Deposition.. https://jcis.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49954 <![CDATA[]]> Jamal A. Rasho Ayad J. Jarjees Copyright (c) 2025-08-01 2025-08-01 34 3 124 132 Effect of Gamma Rays on the Induction and Growth of Portulaca Olereacea Callus and it’s Relationship with the Content of Active Compounds in it. https://jcis.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49956 <![CDATA[]]> Rehab ِA. AL-Baker Nour A.N. Al-Rashedy laith ahmed najam Yasser S. Rammah Copyright (c) 2025-08-01 2025-08-01 34 3 50 66 Review in Synthesis and Biological Activities of Azo Compounds https://jcis.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49950 <![CDATA[]]> Ghufran Th. Sadeek Neam H. Saleem Mohammed M. Ahmed Mohanad Y. Saleh Moayad J. Mohammd Copyright (c) 2025-08-01 2025-08-01 34 3 133 153 The High-Temperature Superconductors: The Synthesis Methods, Physical Properties, and Effects of Partial Replacement: A Comprehensive Review. https://jcis.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rsci/article/view/49955 <![CDATA[]]> Mazin Ahmed Abed Mudatheer Muhammed Slivani mahmoood ahmad hamood Copyright (c) 2025-08-01 2025-08-01 34 3 154 167